Besides the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Healthdirect Australia (HDA) and the British National Health Service (NHS), have also acknowledged CPTSD as mental disorder. The previous edition ( ICD-10) proposed a diagnosis of Enduring Personality Change after Catastrophic Event ( EPCACE), which was an ancestor of CPTSD. The World Health Organization (WHO)'s International Statistical Classification of Diseases has included CPTSD since its eleventh revision that was published in 2018 and came into effect in 2022 ( ICD-11). Judith Lewis Herman was the first psychiatrist and scholar to propose Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a (new) mental disorder in 1992, within her book Trauma & Recovery and an accompanying article. perceived situations lacking of easy and viable escape routes) can lead to CPTSD. Besides, any situations involving captivity or entrapment (i.e. The undergone situations generally last during long periods of time. In fact, the trauma model of mental disorders associates CPTSD with chronic or repetitive: sexual, psychological, physical abuse or neglect, intimate partner violences, bullying, kidnapping and hostage situations, indentured servants, slavery or other human trafficking, sweatshop workers, prisoners of war, concentration camp survivors, solitary confinement, defectors from authoritarian religions.
There exist strong relationships between CPTSD and repetitive adverse childhood experiences, especially among survivors of harmful foster care. CPTSD's symptoms share some similarities with the observed symptoms in borderline personality disorder, dissociative identity disorder and somatization disorder. Examples of CPTSD's symptoms are prolonged feelings of terror, worthlessness, helplessness, distortions in identity or sense of self, and hypervigilance. feelings of shame, guilt, failure for wrong reasons), and interpersonal difficulties.
In the ICD-11 classification, CPTSD is a category of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with three additional clusters of significant symptoms: emotional dysregulations, negative self-beliefs (e.g. commonly prolonged or repetitive exposures to a series of traumatic events, within which individuals perceive few or no chance to escape. Hyperarousal, emotional over-stress, intrusive thoughts, emotional dysregulations, hypervigilance, negative self-beliefs, interpersonal difficulties, and also often attention difficulties, anxiety, depression, somatisation, dissociation.Ĭomplex post-traumatic stress disorder ( CPTSD) is a stress-related mental disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas, i.e.
Medical condition Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD)ĭisorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS), Enduring Personality Change After Catastrophic Experience (EPCACE)
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